What is the ASVAB and why is it important? The ASVAB is the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery. Even though the name implies it’s for the military, it’s so much more... It is an aptitude test that measures developed abilities and helps predict future academic and occupational success. It is the only comprehensive and completely FREE career planning resource that empowers students nationwide to align their strengths and interests with a post-secondary plan that works.